МЕЖДУНАРОДНА ПОЛИТИКА

SOCIO-LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIRECT DEMOCRACY Prof. Stefka Naoumova, PhD

The article is dealing with legal-sociological aspects of the legislation process in the context of EU legal integration and direct democracy.The work is divided in four parts. In the first part the parliamentary system and the legislation process in the context of globalization are examined. Problems of the mechanism of political and social functioning of Bulgarian Parliament are analyzed.The legislative power is looked at as a part of te broader mechanism of impact of globalizationon the on legal-relevant behavior. Second part of the study is dedicated to the relationship between contemporary constitutionalism and the new paradigm of the legislative power.In the third part the legal-sociological aspects of the legislation are examined. The last part is dedicated to analyses of concrete legal-sociological studies conducted in the transformation period. Relation between representative democracy, direct democracy and legislation is analysed.

Моника Панайотова, докторант, катедра „Международни отношения“ в УНСС – София

Настоящият материал има за цел да представи Черноморската  геополитическа динамика и предизвикателства пред европейската  енергийна сигурност от гледна точка на НАТО и ЕС, представяйки спецификите на Региона, ресурсната зависимост на ЕС от енергийни  доставки, замразените конфликти и комплексния характер на  заплахите пред сигурността, респективно отражението на  енергийната сигурност върху цялостната европейска сигурност. В контекста на събитията в Украйна, на предизвикателствата пред  страните от Черноморския регион и с оглед на новата правна рамка в ЕС, въведена с Лисабонския договор, Европейската стратегия за  енергийна сигурност и новата стратегическа концепция на НАТО, се очертават определени изводи, полезни за европейската перспектива на страните от Източното партньорство и за стабилността на  Черноморския регион. Изводи за необходимостта от: стратегическо  преосмисляне на средата за сигурност и партньорствата в Европа;  промяна в подхода на евроатлантическата интеграция на страните от Черноморския регион; преодоляване на чувствителността в  контекста на националния суверенитет по енергийните въпроси, говорене в „един глас“ и колективен подход в ЕС по въпросите на
енергетиката.

This paper aims to present the Black Sea geopolitical dynamics and  challenges in front of the European energy security from the point of view of  NATO and EU, representing the characteristics of the Region, the  dependency of the EU on energy imports, the so called “frozen conflicts”, the  complex character of security threats and respectively, the impact of energy  security on the overall European security. In the context of the current
situation in Ukraine, the challenges facing the countries of the Black Sea  region and having in mind the new legislative framework after Lisbon treaty,  the European Energy Security Strategy and the New strategic concept of  NATO, certain conclusions would be outlined and could be useful for the  European perspective of Eastern Partnership countries and the stability of the Black Sea region. Conclusions about the need of: a strategic rethinking of
the security environment and partnerships in Europe; a change in the EuroAtlantic integration approach of the wider Black Sea countries; overcome the sensitivity in the context of national sovereignty on energy issues, speaking in  "one voice" and acting collectively in the EU on the energy issues.

Abstract

Modern theorists traced the beginning of traditional public administration from the publication of Woodrow Wilson’s “The Study of Administration” in 1887, although his essay did not achieve “classic” status until the mid of the twentieth century. This famous essay set the foundations of the American state to move toward a managerially base ideology of separating politics from administration. Wilson’s politics-administration dichotomy serves as a historical basis to understand a predominant relationship in the field. The dichotomy articulated by Wilson is a debate that goes on nowadays and its end is not in sight. In contrast to Wilson, who created a theory based on his understanding of the field and the differences between public administration and political science, there are modern scholars, who acknowledge that there is opportunity to generate new models to analyze the changing bureaucracy.
This article is organized around the major theme of the relationship
between bureaucrats and politicians that has been always a central issue of governance from the dawn of civilization. The article is focused on this theme because it may be argued that this relationship is the heart of modern governance and affects the attitudes of citizens towards their governments.